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Stiction: The Hidden Menace, Control Magazine, November 2000
Tuning Process Controllers Starts In Manual, Intech, May 1999

PID settings sometimes fail to make the leap, Intech, November 1999

How to Control Processes With Large Dead Times (Model Predictive vs PID), Control Engineering, March 1998
Setpoint vs. Load Tuning , CONTROL Magazine, Sept. 1991
Comparison of PID Control Algorithms, Control Engineering, March, 1987
Brief PID Tutorial Using Simulator
Should You Use Lambda Tuning?
Web presentation: Which Tuning Method Should You Use? John Gerry, May 2003 (7 minutes)
   
 

Improve Process Dynamics with Powerful "What If…" Tools

The Loop Simulator is a software package that simulates complex control loop dynamics for single loop, cascade, and feedforward systems. It can be used as a stand-alone simulator or used in combination with our Advanced PID Optimizer. Loop Simulator supports over 400 different industrial PID controllers and other advanced control algorithms.

Loop Simulator supports your control loop inquiries by enabling easy comparison of control schemes and tuning via simultaneous side by side plotting. Thus you can test control schemes for robustness and stability before you download them. And you can train offline without risk to your process.

Simulates industrial:

Loop Simulator

Try different tuning for the same process. Screen shows response using the four sets of tuning categories automatically calculated by the Loop Simulator using one of over 400 controllers available.

Simulate industrial control loops with any combination of:

  • Over 400 industrial controllers
  • Customize your own PID controller
  • Model predictive controller (Dahlin, IMC or Vogel-Edgar)
  • Smith Predictor (up to second order with lead)
  • Output limits and saturation
  • PV filter (shows true PV and filtered)
  • Hysteresis
  • Measurement and valve noise
  • Digital sampling effects
  • Gain
  • Dead Time
  • Any number of integrators
  • 2 lead times
  • Over 20 lags
  • Inverse response
  • Overdamped, underdamped

Response Plots for Single Loop

Time response plots

  • Closed Loop (Automatic)
    • Setpoint Step
    • Setpoint Pulse
    • Setpoint Ramp
    • Load Step
    • Load and Setpoint Step
  • Open Loop (Manual)
    • Controller Output Step
    • Controller Output Pulse
    • Controller Output Ramp

Frequency Plots

  • Process Only
  • Controller Only
  • Controller With Process
  • Controller With Inverse Process
  • Combined Open Loop (to PV)
  • Closed Loop to Setpoint
  • Closed Loop to Load

Robustness Plot

Unique to ExperTune, robustness plots show the trade-off between fast response and sensitivity to the process changing.

Cascade

Cascade control can dramatically improve performance (from Loop Simulator)

Cascade control can very often improve control loop performance by a factor of 3 to 10. Loop Simulator helps you tune and analyze cascade control loops. From the model of the process, obtained from PID Tuner/Analyzer, Loop Simulator provides optimal tuning for:

  • Inner controller
  • Outer controller (inner controller connected—dependent on inner controller tuning)
  • Outer controller (inner controller bypassed)

Should you use cascade control? See the benefit of using cascade control - view responses with and without the inner controller present.

Response plots for Cascade

  • Closed Loop (Automatic)
    • Outer Controller Setpoint Step
    • Outer Controller Setpoint Pulse
    • Outer Controller Setpoint Ramp
    • Load Step Before Inner Process
    • Load Step Before Outer Process
  • Outer Open, Inner Closed
    • Inner Controller Setpoint Step
    • Inner Controller Setpoint Pulse
    • Inner Controller Setpoint Ramp
    • Load Step Before Inner Process
  • Open Loop (Manual)
    • Inner Controller Output Step
    • Inner Controller Output Pulse
    • Inner Controller Output Ramp
  • Advanced - Bypass Inner Controller
    • Setpoint Step
    • Setpoint Pulse
    • Setpoint Ramp
    • Load Before Inner Process
    • Load Before Outer Process

Frequency plots for Cascade

  • Outer Loop
    • Process Only
    • Controller Only
    • Controller With Process
    • Controller With Inverse Process
    • Combined Open Loop (to PV)
    • Closed Loop to Load (after Outer Controller)
    • Closed Loop to Load (before Outer Process)
  • Inner Loop
    • Process Only
    • Controller Only
    • Controller With Process
    • Controller With Inverse Process
    • Combined Open Loop (to PV)
    • Closed Loop to Setpoint
    • Closed Loop to Load
  • Advanced - Bypass Inner Controller
    • Process Only
    • Controller Only
    • Controller With Process
    • Controller With Inverse Process
    • Combined Open Loop (to PV)
    • Closed Loop to Setpoint
    • Closed Loop to Load

Robustness plots for Cascade

  • Outer Loop
  • Inner Loop
  • Advanced - Bypass Loop

Feedforward

Loop Simulator calculates, and simulates responses using feedforward compensation.

Feedforward Control Block Diagram (from Loop Simulator)

Feedforward control can have a return on investment that can be directly proportional to the improved recovery from upsets. The closer the feedforward system can keep the loop at setpoint, the closer you can run to a constraint, quality variable, or key ingredient addition.

For example, with addition of a key ingredient you may want to add just enough, but not more, to reach specification. Better control to setpoint lets you get closer to specification saving on the key ingredient. In another example, reactor yield may be higher closer to a temperature limit. Past the limit, the reaction goes unstable, but the closer to the limit, the higher the yield. The better control, the closer you can operate near the limit. Feedforward may help in both of these examples to maintain the process variable at the setpoint.
Loop Simulator's Feedforward compensator suggested values

Working in conjunction with ExperTune's PID Tuner/Analyzer, Loop Simulator finds the best feedforward compensator to use. From process, data PID Tuner/Analyzer identifies the feedback and feedforward models. Enter the models into Loop Simulator and click the "Suggest Values" button on the compensator page. Simulation quickly compares response with and without the feedforward compensator. In practice, ExperTune recommends to start with the compensator gain and lead reduced by a factor of 2.


Response Plots for Feedforward

  • Closed Loop (Automatic)
    • Setpoint Step
    • Setpoint Pulse
    • Setpoint Ramp
    • Load Step
    • Load and Setpoint Step
  • Open Loop (Manual)
    • Controller Output Step
    • Controller Output Pulse
    • Controller Output Ramp

With feedforward control you may be able to run closer to limits, increasing profits (from Loop Simulator)

Frequency Plots for Feedforward

  • Process Only
  • Load Process Only
  • Compensator Only
  • Controller Only
  • Controller With Process
  • Controller With Inverse Process
  • Combined Open Loop (to PV)
  • Closed Loop to Setpoint
  • Closed Loop to Load
  • Compensator and Process With Load Process

Robustness Plot for Feedforward

Unique to ExperTune, robustness plots show the trade-off between fast response and sensitivity to the process changing.

   
 
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